13TH FRIDAY

Friday the 13th is an American horror franchise that comprises twelve slasher films, a television show, novels, comic books, and tie‑in merchandise. The franchise mainly focuses on the fictional character Jason Voorhees, who drowned as a boy at Camp Crystal Lake due to the negligence of the camp staff. Decades later, the lake is rumored to be "cursed" and is the setting for a series of mass murders. Jason is featured in all of the films, as either the killer or the motivation for the killings. The original film was written by Victor Miller and was produced and directed by Sean S. Cunningham. However, neither returned to write or direct any of the sequels. The films have grossed over $465 million at the box-office worldwide.

 

The first film was created to cash in on the success of Halloween (1978), and its own success led Paramount Pictures to purchase the full licensing rights to Friday the 13th. Frank Mancuso, Jr., who produced the films, also developed the television show Friday the 13th: The Series after Paramount released Jason Lives. The television series was not connected to the franchise by any character or setting, but was created based on the idea of "bad luck and curses", which the film series symbolized. While the franchise was owned by Paramount, four films were adapted into novels, with Friday the 13th Part III adapted by two separate authors. When the franchise was sold to New Line Cinema, Cunningham returned as a producer to oversee two additional films, in addition to the crossover film with Freddy Krueger from the Nightmare on Elm Street film series. Under New Line Cinema, 13 novellas and various comic book series featuring Jason were published.

Although the films were not popular with critics, Friday the 13th is considered one of the most successful media franchises in America—not only for the success of the films, but also because of the extensive merchandising and repeated references to the series in popular culture. The franchise′s popularity has generated a fanbase who have created their own Friday the 13th films, fashioned replica Jason Voorhees costumes, and tattooed their bodies with Friday the 13th artwork. Jason′s hockey mask has even become one of the most recognizable images in popular culture.

CHICKEN SOUNDS FROM A CUP

        * A plastic drinking cup
        * Yarn or cotton string (nylon string will not work well)
        * 1 paper clip
        * Paper towel
        * A nail
        * Scissors
        * Water

1. Cut a piece of yarn about 20 inches (40 cm) long.
2. Ask an adult to use the nail to carefully punch a hold in the center of the bottom of the cup.
3. Tie one end of the yarn to the middle of the paper clip.
4. Push the other end of the yarn through the hole in the cup and pull it through as shown in the picture.
5. Get a piece of paper towel about the size of a dollar bill, then fold it once and get it damp in the water.
6. Now it's time to make some noise! Hold the cup firmly in one hand, and wrap the damp paper towel around the string near the cup. While you squeeze the string, pull down in short jerks so that the paper towel tightly slides along the string. If all goes well - you hear a chicken!

This is an example of how a sounding board works. The vibrations from the string would be almost silent without the cup, but when you add the cup, it spreads the vibrations and amplifies them (makes them louder.) Pianos and music boxes use wood to act as a sounding board to make the instrument louder.

The project above is a DEMONSTRATION. To make it a true experiment, you can try to answer these questions:

1. What types of string or yarn makes the loudest sound? Which ones make the quietest?

2. Does the size of the cup affect the volume of the sound?

3. Try materials other than a paper towel to see if it affects the volume of the sound.

 

HOW TO MAKE RUBBER CHICKEN BONE

• A jar large enough to fit a chicken bone
• A chicken bone - a leg or "drumstick" bone works best
• Vinegar

1. Have a nice chicken dinner and save a bone. Leg bones work best.
2. Rinse off the bone in running water to remove any meat from the bone.
3. Notice how hard the bone is - gently try bending it. Like our bones, chicken bones have a mineral called calcium in them to make them hard.

4.Put the bone into the jar and cover the bone with vinegar. It might be a good idea to put the lid on the jar or cover it - let it sit for 3 days

5. After 3 days remove the bone. It should feel different. Now can rinse it off and try bending it again. Is it really a rubber bone?

So what happened? What is so special about vinegar that it can make a hard bone squishy? Vinegar is considered a mild acid, but it is strong enough to dissolve away the calcium in the bone. Once the calcium is dissolved, there is nothing to keep the bone hard - all that is left is the soft bone tissue. Now you know why your mom is always trying to get you to drink milk - the calcium in milk goes to our bones to make our bones stronger. With some effort and you can really get the bone to bend.

The project above is a DEMONSTRATION. To make it a true experiment, you can try to answer these questions:

1. Does the length of time the bone is in vinegar affect how much the bone bends?

2. Do smaller size bones become "bendy" sooner?

3. Do different types of vinegar affect how bendy bones become ?

COKE AND MENTOS

A Diet Coke and Mentos eruption (or Diet Coke and Mentos geyser) is a reaction between carbonated beverage and Mentos candies that causes the beverage to spray out of its container. The numerous small pores on the candy's surface catalyze the release of carbon dioxide (CO₂) gas from the soda, resulting in the rapid expulsion of copious quantities of foam. Although any carbonated beverage will produce a similar effect, the reaction was popularized using Diet Coke for seemingly producing the best results.

When the candies come into contact with the liquid, a reaction causes the formation of foam at a rapid rate.
A 2006 episode of the television series Mythbusters concluded that the potassium benzoate, aspartame, and CO₂ gas contained in the Diet Coke, in combination with the gelatin and gum arabic ingredients of the Mentos, all contribute to formation of the foam. The structure of the Mentos is the most significant cause of the eruption due to nucleation. Mythbusters reported that when fruit-flavored Mentos with a smooth waxy coating were tested in carbonated drink there was hardly a reaction, whereas mint-flavored Mentos (with no such coating) added to carbonated drink formed an energetic eruption, affirming the nucleation-site theory. According to Mythbusters, the surface of the mint Mentos is covered with many small holes that increase the surface area available for reaction (and thus the quantity of reagents exposed to each other at any given time), thereby allowing CO₂ bubbles to form with a rapidity and in a quantity that are responsible for the "jet"- or "geyser"-like nature of the effusion. This hypothesis gained further support when rock salt was used as a "jump start" to the reaction.
A paper by Tonya Coffey, a physicist at Appalachian State University in Boone, North Carolina goes into detail on the reasons and physics behind the reaction. Coffey found that the rough surface of the Mentos candy helps speed the reaction. Coffey also found that the aspartame in diet soda lowers the surface tension and causes a bigger reaction, but that caffeine does not accelerate the reaction.

BMW CAR LISTS

1920s

• 3/15 saloon 1927-1931

1930s

• 3/15 DA-3 Wartburg roadster 1930-1931 (based on the 3/15, BMW's first roadster)
• 3/20 PS 1932-1934
• 303 saloon 1933-1934 (first use of the "kidney" grille and straight-6 engine)

• 309 saloon 1934-1936 (a four-cylinder version of the 303)

• 315 saloon 1934-1937

• 315/1 roadster 1934-1937 (roadster based on the 315)
• 319 saloon 1935-1937 (larger-engined version of the 315)

• 319/1 roadster 1935-1937 (larger-engined version of the 315/1)
• 329 convertible 1937 (convertible based on the 319)

• 326 saloon and cabriolet 1936-1941

• 327 coupé and cabriolet 1937-1941
• 320 saloon and cabriolet 1937-1938 (based on the 326 with 329 suspension)
• 321 saloon and cabriolet 1938-1941
• BMW 335 sedan 1939 –1941

• 328 Roadster 1936-1940

1940s

• 326 sedan and cabriolet 1945-1946 (limited production following World War 2)

• 321 saloon and cabriolet 1945-1950 (resumed production after World War 2)
• 327 coupé and cabriolet 1945-1955 (resumed production after World War 2)
• 340 sedan 1949-1953 (later cars badged as EMW 340)

1950s

• 501 saloon 1952–1958

• BMW 502 1954–1964 (V8-engined version of 501)

• Isetta 250 micro car 1955–1956

• Isetta 300 micro car 1956–1962

• 600 micro car 1957–1959 (4 set car based on Isetta 300)

• 503 coupe and cabriolet 1956–1959

• roadster 1956–1959

• 700 saloon and coupe 1959–1965

1960s

• 3200 CS coupe 1962–1965 (based on the 503)
• 1500 saloon 1962–1966 (first of the "New Class" saloons)

• 1800 saloon 1963–1971
• 1600 saloon 1964–1968

• 1602 saloon 1966–1975 (2 door version of 1600)

• 2000C/CS coupe 1965–1969

• E9 coupe 1968–1975

• 2000 saloon 1966–1972

• BMW 2002 saloon 1968–1976 (2 door version of 2000)

• E3 saloon 1968–1977

1970s

• E12 mid-sized sedan 1972–1981 (first of the "5 series" mid-size sedans)

• E24 mid-sized coupe 1976–1989

• E21 compact sedan and convertible 1975–1983 (first of the "3 series" compact sedans)
• 1502 saloon 1975–1977 (1.5L engine version of 2002)

• BMW 1802 1975–1977 (1.8L engine version of 2002)

• E23 large sedan 1977–1986 (first of the "7 series" large sedans)
• BMW M1 supercar 1978–1981 (chassis code E26)

1980s

• E28 5 series compact mid-sized sedan 1981–1988
• E30 3 series sedan, convertible and estate 1982–1994

• Z1 roadster 1989-1991

• E32 7 series large sedan 1986–1994
• E34 5 series mid-sized sedan 1988–1996
• E31 8 series 2+2 coupe 1989–1999

1990s

• E36 3 series sedan, coupe, convertible and touring 1990–2000

• E36 Compact hatchback 1993–2000 (first generation Compact)
• Z3 coupe and roadster 1996–2002

M coupe 1998-2002 (first generation M Coupe)

• E39 5 series mid-sized sedan 1995–2003

• E53 X5 mid-sized SUV 1999-2006 (BMW's first SUV)

• E38 7 series large sedan 1995–2001
• E46 3 series sedan, coupe, convertible and touring 1998–2006
• E52 Z8 roadster 1999-2003

2000s

• E46 Compact hatchback 2000-2004 (second generation Compact)

• E65/66/67/68 large sedan 2002–2008
• E85/E86 Z4 roadster/coupe 2002–2008 (first generation Z4)
• E83 X3 crossover SUV 2003-2010
• E60 5 series mid-sized sedan 2003–2010

• E63/E64 mid-sized coupe/convertible 2003-2011
• E61 estate 2004-2011
• E70 X5 mid-sized SUV 2006-present (second generation X5)

• E71 X6 mid-sized crossover 2008-present (2 door version of X5)

• E81/E87 1 series hatchback 2004-2011 (first generation 1 Series)

• E82/E88 1 series small coupe/convertible 2007-2011
• X1 compact crossover SUV 2009-present

• X3 crossover 2004-present
• E90/E91/E92/E93 3 series sedan/touring/coupe/convertible 2005-2011
• F01/F02/F03/F04 7 series large sedan 2008-
• E89 roadster 2009-present (second generation Z4)
• F10 5 series mid-sized sedan 2009-present

• F11 5 series mid-sized estate 2009-present
• F07 5 series GT 4 door coupe 2009-present

2010s

• F12/F13 mid sized coupe/convertible 2011-present

• F25 X3 crossover SUV 2011-present
• F20 1 series hatchback 2011-present
• F30 3 series compact sedan 2012-present                                                                                          

APPLICATION SOFTWARE

Application software, also known as an application or an app, is computer software designed to help the user to perform specific tasks. Examples include enterprise software, accounting software, office suites, graphics software and media players. Many application programs deal principally with documents. Apps may be bundled with the computer and its system software, or may be published separately. Some users are satisfied with the bundled apps and need never install one.
Application software is contrasted with system software and middleware, which manage and integrate a computer's capabilities, but typically do not directly apply in the performance of tasks that benefit the user. The system software serves the application, which in turn serves the user.
Similar relationships apply in other fields. For example, a shopping mall does not provide the merchandise a shopper is seeking, but provides space and services for retailers that serve the shopper. A bridge may similarly support rail tracks which support trains, allowing the trains to transport passengers.
Application software applies the power of a particular computing platform or system software to a particular purpose. Some applications are available in versions for several different platforms; others have narrower requirements and are thus called, for example, a Geography application for Windows or an Android application for education or Linux gaming. Sometimes a new and popular application arises which only runs on one platform, increasing the desirability of that platform. This is called a killer application.

In information technology, an application is a computer program designed to help people perform an activity. An application thus differs from an operating system (which runs a computer), a utility (which performs maintenance or general-purpose chores), and a programming tools (with which computer programs are created). Depending on the activity for which it was designed, an application can manipulate text, numbers, graphics, or a combination of these elements. Some application packages offer considerable computing power by focusing on a single task, such as word processing; others, called integrated software, offer somewhat less power but include several applications.User-written software tailors systems to meet the user's specific needs. User-written software include spreadsheet templates, word processor macros, scientific simulations, graphics and animation scripts. Even email filters are a kind of user software.. Users create this software themselves and often overlook how important it is.
The delineation between system software such as operating systems and application software is not exact, however, and is occasionally the object of controversy. For example, one of the key questions in the United States v. Microsoft antitrust trial was whether Microsoft's Internet Explorer web browser was part of its Windows operating system or a separable piece of application software. As another example, the GNU/Linux naming controversy is, in part, due to disagreement about the relationship between the Linux kernel and the operating systems built over this kernel. In some types of embedded systems, the application software and the operating system software may be indistinguishable to the user, as in the case of software used to control a VCR, DVD player or microwave oven. The above definitions may exclude some applications that may exist on some computers in large organizations.
With the spread of smartphones and tablet computers around 2010, the short form app was in some popular news accounts restricted to mobile apps.

15 FACTS ON FACEBOOK

15 FUN FACTSS OF FB.......


1. Al Pacino’s face was on the original Facebook homepage
2. One early Facebook function was a file sharing service

3. The first “Work Networks” as well as the original educational networks included Apple and Microsoft

4. The meaning of the term poke has never been defined

5. The average Facebook user has 130 friends

6. There is an ‘App’ to see what’s on the Facebook cafe menu

7. Mark Zuckerburg (CEO of Facebook) calls himself a “Harvard Graduate” when in fact he didn’t graduate (apparently his reply is that “there isn’t a setting for dropout”)

8. California is huge on Facebook with over 15 million users (41% of the population)

9. Australian’s spend more time per month on Facebook than any other country at over 7 hours on average

10. A Facebook employee hoodie sold for $4,000 on eBay

11. Facebook has over 500 million users

12. Facebook has added over 400 million users in less than 2 years

13. If Facebook were a country it would be the 3rd largest

14. Facebook was initially bank-rolled by Peter Thiel the co-founder of PayPal for $500,000

15. Facebook was almost shut down by a lawsuit by ConnectU who claimed that Zuckerburg stole the idea and Technology for Facebook (the issue was settled out of court)